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During the American Civil War, the Battle of Hanover was fought on June 30, 1863. Union cavalry under Judson Kilpatrick encountered Confederate cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart and a sharp fight ensued in the town and in farm fields to the south, particularly along Frederick Street. The inconclusive battle delayed the Confederate cavalry on their way to the Battle of Gettysburg. Three days before the battle, another detachment of Virginia cavalry had briefly occupied Hanover, collecting supplies and horses from local citizens.
 
Approximately 7600 Union and 3800 Confederate wounded soldiers were processed through Hanover Junction from July 7 to July 22, 1863, en route to hospitals in York, Harrisburg and Baltimore. Mr. Lincoln visited the station November 18-19 en route to Gettysburg. Then, on April 21, 1865, Mr. Lincoln's funeral train passed through Hanover Junction.

(2006) Gettysburg Campaign interpretive marker

(2006)  Battle of Hanover interpretive marker in Town Square

(2006) Kilpatrick headquarters interpretive marker in the Town Square

1863 view of Kilpatrick's Headquarters. The windows of his headquarters are marked by the T's